Michigan Dog Bite Law: Strict Liability Protects Victims
Michigan is a strict liability state for dog bites. Under MCL § 287.351, a dog owner is liable for damages when their dog bites someone, regardless of whether the dog has ever bitten anyone before and regardless of whether the owner knew the dog was dangerous. This is one of the strongest dog bite laws in the country — and it means victims do not need to prove the owner was negligent.
What Michigan's Strict Liability Means
In many states, a dog gets "one free bite" — the owner is only liable if they knew the dog was dangerous. Michigan eliminated this rule. If a dog bites you in Michigan and you were lawfully on the property (or in a public place) and did not provoke the dog, the owner is automatically liable for your injuries. Period. No need to prove the owner was careless or that the dog had a history of aggression.
The Provocation Defense
The only significant defense available to dog owners is provocation. If the owner can prove the victim provoked the dog, liability may be reduced or eliminated. Michigan courts define provocation narrowly — it requires intentional acts that would reasonably cause a dog to bite. A child petting a dog, approaching a dog, or even accidentally startling a dog is generally not considered provocation. Koussan Law aggressively challenges provocation defenses.
Types of Injuries and Damages
Dog bite injuries range from puncture wounds and lacerations to catastrophic facial disfigurement, nerve damage, infections (including rabies and sepsis), and emotional trauma including PTSD. Children are disproportionately affected and often suffer facial injuries because of their height relative to dogs. Damages include medical expenses, plastic surgery costs, scarring, emotional distress, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
Homeowner's Insurance Coverage
Most dog bite claims are paid by the dog owner's homeowner's or renter's insurance policy. Standard homeowner's policies typically include $100,000 to $300,000 in liability coverage. Some policies exclude specific breeds, and some owners carry umbrella policies that provide additional coverage. Koussan Law identifies all applicable insurance policies to maximize your recovery.
If you or your child was bitten by a dog in Michigan, call Koussan Law at (313) 800-0000 for a free consultation.
