Michigan No-Fault Law, Section by Section

Michigan's no-fault law is chapter 31 of the Insurance Code of 1956. It decides who pays your medical bills and lost wages after a car accident, which insurer is first in line, how much a provider can charge, when you can sue the driver who hit you, and every deadline that can end a claim. This explorer publishes the exact text of each section next to a plain-terms description written by Koussan Law, with links to the sections that reference each other and to the practice pages where the section matters.

Text as published in the 2025 Michigan Compiled Laws; the official text is maintained by the Michigan Legislature. Reviewed by Koussan Law on September 15, 2026. Amounts that the statute lets the Department of Insurance and Financial Services adjust each year (the work-loss maximum, the survivor's loss maximum, the qualified-health-coverage deductible, the MCCA retention) are stated in the text at their original figures; the current figures are published by DIFS.

Who must be insured, definitions and the MCCA

MCL 500.3101 to 500.3104

• MCL 500.3101: Who Must Carry No-Fault InsuranceSecurity for payment of benefits required; period security required to be in effect; definitions; policy of insurance or other method of providing security; filing proof of security; exclusion.
• MCL 500.3101a: Certificates of Insurance and SOS ReportingProviding certificate of insurance to secretary of state and policy information to the Michigan automobile insurance placement facility; vehicle identification number as proof of vehicle insurance; confidentiality of policy information; prohibited acts; misdemeanor; penalty; report; "automobile insurance" and "private passenger nonfleet automobile" defined.
• MCL 500.3101b Repealed. 2011, Act 91, Imd. Eff. July 15, 2011.
• MCL 500.3101c: Certified Statement for Prepaid PoliciesStandard certified statement.
• MCL 500.3101d: Self-Insurer Certificates (25+ Vehicles)Qualification as self-insurer; certificate; issuance; cancellation.
• MCL 500.3102: Nonresidents and Driving UninsuredNonresident owner or registrant of motor vehicle or motorcycle to maintain security for payment of benefits; operation of motor vehicle or motorcycle by owner, registrant, or other person without security; penalty; failure to produce evidence of security; rebuttable presumption.
• MCL 500.3103: Motorcycle Coverage RequirementsOwner or registrant of motorcycle; security required; offering security for payment of first-party medical benefits; rates, deductibles, and provisions.
• MCL 500.3104: The Michigan Catastrophic Claims AssociationCatastrophic claims association; board of directors; plan of operation; annual report; actuarial examination; refund; hearing; annual consumer statement; liability of association; definitions.

Personal protection insurance (PIP) benefits

MCL 500.3105 to 500.3116

• MCL 500.3105: The Basic PIP EntitlementInsurer liable for personal protection benefits without regard to fault; "bodily injury" and "accidental bodily injury" defined.
• MCL 500.3106: Parked Vehicle ExceptionsAccidental bodily injury arising out of ownership, operation, maintenance, or use of parked vehicle as motor vehicle; conditions.
• MCL 500.3107: What PIP Pays: Medical, Wage Loss, ServicesExpenses and work loss for which personal protection insurance benefits payable.
• MCL 500.3107a: Work Loss While Temporarily UnemployedBasis of work loss for certain injured persons.
• MCL 500.3107b: Services PIP Need Not ReimburseReimbursement or coverage for certain expenses not required.
• MCL 500.3107c: Choosing a PIP Medical Coverage LevelPersonal protection insurance benefits; coverage limits for allowable expenses; form; rebuttable presumption; application of coverage selection; stacking of insurance policies; applicability to transportation network company vehicle; rider for attendant care.
• MCL 500.3107d: Opting Out of PIP Medical With MedicareElection to not maintain personal protection insurance benefit coverage; proof of qualified health coverage; form; failure to make election; termination of qualified health coverage; definitions.
• MCL 500.3107e: How Coverage Selections Must Be MadeDelivery of forms under MCL 500.3009, 500.3107c, 500.3107d; method of selection or election for forms.
• MCL 500.3108: Survivor's Loss BenefitsSurvivor's loss; benefits.
• MCL 500.3109: Setoffs for Government BenefitsSubtraction of other benefits from personal protection benefits; injured person defined; deductible provision.
• MCL 500.3109a: Coordinated PIP and Health InsuranceOffering deductibles and exclusions reasonably related to other health and accident coverage; exclusion for qualified health coverage; reduced premium rates; applicability of exclusion; termination of qualified health coverage; refusal to insure for failure to obtain certain security prohibited; amount of premium reduction.
• MCL 500.3110: Dependents and When Benefits AccrueDependents of deceased person; termination of dependency; accrual of personal protection benefits.
• MCL 500.3111: Out-of-State AccidentsPayment of personal protection insurance benefits for accident occurring out of state.
• MCL 500.3112: Who Gets Paid and Provider Direct SuitsPersons to whom personal protection insurance benefits payable; claim to recover overdue benefits; discharge of insurer's liability.
• MCL 500.3113: Who Is Disqualified From PIPPerson not entitled to personal protection insurance benefits.
• MCL 500.3114: Priority: Which Insurer Pays PIPPersons entitled to personal protection insurance benefits or personal injury benefits; order of priority for claim of motor vehicle occupant or motorcycle operator or passenger; assigned claims plan; 2 or more insurers in same order of priority; partial recoupment; definitions.
• MCL 500.3115: Pedestrians, Bicyclists and Non-OccupantsPersonal protection insurance benefits under the assigned claims plan for claims of persons not occupants of vehicle.
• MCL 500.3116: PIP and Tort RecoveriesValue of claim in tort; subtraction from or reimbursement for benefits.

Property protection insurance (PPI)

MCL 500.3121 to 500.3127

• MCL 500.3121: Property Protection Insurance (PPI)Liability for accidental damage to tangible property.
• MCL 500.3123: PPI ExclusionsExclusions from property protection insurance benefits.
• MCL 500.3125: PPI PriorityPriorities in claiming property protection benefits.
• MCL 500.3127: Sharing PPI Losses Among InsurersDistribution of loss, reimbursement, and indemnification among property protection insurers.

Liability insurance and the tort threshold

MCL 500.3131 to 500.3136

• MCL 500.3131: Residual Liability InsuranceResidual liability insurance; coverage.
• MCL 500.3135: Serious Impairment Threshold and Mini TortTort liability for noneconomic loss; exceptions; cause of action for damages; "serious impairment of body function" defined.
• MCL 500.3136: Property Damage Above the PPI LimitTort liability for damage to tangible property from 1 accident in excess of limit under MCL 500.3121.

Claims, deadlines, examinations and the fee schedule

MCL 500.3141 to 500.3163

• MCL 500.3141: Notice of AccidentNotice of accident.
• MCL 500.3142: Overdue Benefits and 12% InterestPersonal protection insurance benefits payable as loss accrues; overdue benefits; interest.
• MCL 500.3143: Assignment of Future Benefits VoidAssignment of right to future benefits void.
• MCL 500.3145: One-Year-Back Rule and LimitationsLimitation of actions for recovery of personal or property protection insurance benefits; period of limitations; tolling; notice of injury.
• MCL 500.3146: Insurer Reimbursement ActionsLimitation of action by insurer for recovery or indemnity.
• MCL 500.3148: Attorney Fees for Unreasonable DenialsAttorney's fee; restrictions.
• MCL 500.3151: Insurer Medical ExaminationsSubmission to mental or physical examination; physician requirements.
• MCL 500.3152: Exchange of Examination ReportsReport of mental or physical examination.
• MCL 500.3153: Orders for Refusing an ExaminationCourt orders as to noncompliance with MCL 500.3151 and 500.3152.
• MCL 500.3157: Medical Fee Schedule and Attendant CareCharges for treatment or training for injured persons; limitation on eligibility for payment or reimbursement; applicability; "freestanding rehabilitation facility" defined; qualification for payment requirements; attendant care; neurological rehabilitation clinic; applicability to ambulance operation; definitions.
• MCL 500.3157a: Utilization ReviewProvision of treatment, products, services, or accommodations under personal protection insurance; submission of records for utilization review; false or misleading information is a fraudulent insurance act; rules; appeal of determination.
• MCL 500.3157b: Utilization Review ConfidentialityProprietary information; exemption from disclosure under the freedom of information act.
• MCL 500.3158: Earnings Statements and Provider RecordsStatement of earnings; report and records from medical institution.
• MCL 500.3159: Court-Ordered DiscoveryDiscovery.
• MCL 500.3163: Out-of-State Insurers and ResidentsAutomobile insurer; not required to provide personal and property protection insurance benefits to out-of-state residents; exception.

The assigned claims plan

MCL 500.3171 to 500.3179

• MCL 500.3171: The Assigned Claims Plan and the MAIPFAssigned claims plan; organization and maintenance; participation; costs; rules; adoption and maintenance by Michigan automobile insurance placement facility; approval of plan; amendments; provisions; report; definitions.
• MCL 500.3172: Claiming Through the Assigned Claims PlanConditions to obtaining personal protection insurance benefits through assigned claims plan; collection of unpaid benefits; application and reasonable proof of loss; payment of interest; reimbursement from defaulting insurers; reduction of benefits; definitions; effect of dispute between insurers; limitation on benefits.
• MCL 500.3173: Disqualification From Assigned ClaimsCertain persons disqualified from receiving benefits under assigned claims plans.
• MCL 500.3173a: MAIPF Eligibility, Cooperation and FraudEligibility for benefits; initial determination; denial; notice; false statement.
• MCL 500.3174: One-Year Notice for Assigned ClaimsNotice of claim through assigned claims plan; assignment of claim; notice to claimant; commencement of action by claimant.
• MCL 500.3175: Assignment, Reimbursement and RecoveryRules for assignment of claims; duties of insurer to whom claims assigned; compromises and settlements; procedures; limitation on action to enforce rights; interest on delinquent payments; installment payments; default.
• MCL 500.3176: Assigned Claims Costs in Rate-MakingTaking costs into account in making and regulating rates.
• MCL 500.3177: Recovery From Uninsured OwnersRecovery by insurer of benefits and costs from owner or registrant of uninsured motor vehicle; written agreement to pay judgment in installments; notice.
• MCL 500.3178: Annual Report on the Assigned Claims PlanAnnual report.
• MCL 500.3179: Effective Date of the ActAct applicable October 1, 1973.

How to use this explorer

Start with MCL 500.3105 (what PIP covers), 500.3107 (the benefits), 500.3114 (which insurer pays), 500.3135 (when you can sue the at-fault driver) and 500.3145 (the deadlines). Each page quotes the statute in full, so you can read the words the insurer and the court will apply, and explains them in plain terms. If you were hurt in a Michigan crash and want to know how these sections apply to your facts, call Koussan Law at (313) 800-0000 for a free consultation.